This volume brings an interdisciplinary approach to one of the most exciting areas of current behavioral science research. It contains papers by distinguished researchers from Europe and the United States at the forefront of biology, primatology, archaeology, psychology, linguistics, and anthropology. Derived from a Royal Society/British Academy meeting, the papers' topics range from cultural and social behavior among non-human primates, through the interaction of cognitive development with social organization during the Upper Paleolithic, to behavior among modern humans. The volume as a whole reflects the important recent developments in such areas as behavioral ecology, evolutionary psychology and the origin and function of language, and scholars and students in these areas will find this information invaluable.