Can we conceive of a market economy that fulfills the ideals of socialism? Here, Miller provides a comprehensive examination, from the standpoint of political theory, of an economy in which market mechanisms retain a central role, but in which capitalist patterns of ownership have been superseded. He shows that liberal ideas of freedom, justice, and efficiency cannot be used to vindicate laissez-faire capitalism, and rebuts left-wing criticisms of a socialist market economy. Justifying his ideas as a workable option, he then presents a new model of the socialist state, whose central idea is that of democratic citizenship.