Consequentialism is a moral doctrine stating that the right act in any given situation is the one that will produce the best overall outcome, as judged from an impersonal standpoint giving equal weight to the interests of everyone. It has been criticized, however, on the grounds that it fails to capture the most crucial features of moral thinking and cannot, when worked out in detail, provide an adequate account of morality. This volume presents papers discussing arguments on both sides of the consequentialist debate. The contributors include John Rawls, Bernard Williams, Thomas Nagel, Derek Parfit, among others.