The book is devoted to the physics of plasma at high density, which has been compressed so strongly that the effects of interparticle interactions and non-ideality govern its behavior. Interest in this non-traditional plasma has been generated in recent years when states of matter with high concentration of energy became accessible experimentally as the basis of modern technologies and facilities. The greatest part of the matter in the Universe is in this exotic state. In this book, the methods of generation and diagnostics of strongly coupled plasmas are presented, along with the main theoretical methods and experimental results on thermodynamical, kinetic and optical properties. Particular attention is given to fast developing modern directions of strongly coupled plasma physics such as metallization of dielectrics and dielectrization of metals, non-neutral plasmas, dusty plasmas and their crystallization. The book is written for physicists and astrophysicists, engineers, andmaterial scientists.About the Author: Professor Vladimir Fortov Institute for High Energy Densities, Russian Academyof Sciences, Izhorskaya 13/19, Moscow, 125412, Russia Since 1978, Vladimir Fortov is Director of the Institute for High Energy Density, Russian Academy of Sciences RAS. He is also Head of the Laboratory of the Institute of Chemical Physics, member of the European Academy of Sciences and Art, and corresponding member of the International Academy of Aeronautics. V.E. Fortov received A. Karpinskii (1997), Bridgemen (1999), M. Planck (2002), H. Alfven (2003) and J. Duval (2005) awards. In 2005 he was rewarded with International gold medal of A. Einstein in physics. Professor Igor Iakubov Institute of Theoretical and Applied Electrodynamics, Russian Academyof Sciences, Izhorskaya 13/19, Moscow, 125412, Russia Between 1965 and 1995, Igor Iakubov was Senior Scientist and Head of the Theoretical Department of the Institute for High Temperatures RAS, and Vice-Director of the Institute of Theoretical and Applied Electrodynamics RAS since 1996. Professor Alexey KhrapakInstitute of Theoretical and Applied Electrodynamics, Russian Academyof Sciences, Izhorskaya 13/19, Moscow, 125412, Russia Between 1969 and 2001, Alexey Khrapak was Senior Scientist in Theoretical Department of the Institute for High Temperatures RAS. Since 2002 he is a Head of Laboratory of the Institute for High Energy Density RAS. During last 15th years repeatedly guest scientist in Sapporo and Osaka Universities (Japan), Hahn-Meitner-Institute and Free University-Berlin (Germany). "Soros Professor" of 2000, 2001, 2003 and 2005.