In recent years, there has been much synergy between the exciting areas of quantum information science and ultracold atoms. This volume, as part of the proceedings for the XCI session of Les Houches School of Physics (held for the first time outside Europe in Singapore) brings together experts in both fields. The theme of the school focused on two principal topics: quantum information science and ultracold atomic physics. The topics range from Bose Einstein Condensates to Degenerate Fermi Gases to fundamental concepts in Quantum Information Sciences, including some special topics on Quantum Hall Effects, Quantum Phase Transition, Interactions in Quantum Fluids, Disorder and Interference Phenomenoma, Trapped Ions and Atoms, and Quantum Optical Devices.About the Author: Professor Christian Miniatura, Centre for Quantum Technologies and Department of Physics, National University of Singapore. Professor Leong-Chuan Kwek, Centre for Quantum Technologies and Department of Physics, National University of Singapore. Professor Martial Ducloy, Directeur de Recherche Classe Exceptionelle, CNRS, France. Professor Benoit Gremaud, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, Paris, France. Professor Berthold-Georg Englert, Centre for Quantum Technologies and Department of Physics, National University of Singapore. Professor Leticia Cugliandolo, Universite Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris VI, France. Professor Artur Ekert, Mathematical Institute, University of Oxford. Professor Kok Khoo Phua, Institute of Advanced Studies, Nanyang Technological University.