Following chapters focused on the intellectual histories and present circumstances of curriculum studies in Mexico is Pinar's summary of exchanges (occurring over a two-year period) between the authors of these essays and members of an International Panel (scholars working in Brazil and China). From these and the essays, Pinar identifies the concepts and practices summarizing curriculum studies in Mexico. The Mexican scholars have the "last word." What becomes clear is that the cause of curriculum is in Mexico "a great cause," as it incorporates the socialist traditions and historic aspirations of the nation, now (in 2010) celebrating its 200th anniversary.