New technologies in 3D printing offer innovative capabilities in surgery, from planning complex operations to providing alternatives to traditional training with more cost-effective outcomes. In 3D Printing: Application in Medical Surgery, Volume 2, Drs. Vasileios N. Papadopoulos, Vassilios Tsioukas, and Jasjit S. Suri bring together up-to-date information on 3D printing and its application in surgical specialties such as hebatobilliary and pancreatic surgery, vascular surgery, orthopedic surgery, obstetrics and gynecology, cardiovascular and thoracic surgery, and more. Discusses challenges and opportunities of 3D printing across surgical sub-specialties. Covers 3D printing and its application in major surgical specialties, as well as dentistry, transplantation, global surgery, and diagnostic and interventional radiology. Consolidates today's available information on this burgeoning topic into a single convenient resource.Table of Contents: Introduction 1 3D printing and nanotechnology 2 3D Bioprinting 3 3D printing and virtual augmented reality in medicine and surgery; tackling the content development barrier through co-creative approaches. 4 3D  printing in pancreatic surgery 5 3D printing in Hebatobilliary Surgery 6 3D Printing in Patient obstetrics and Gynecology 7 3D printing in adult and paediatric neurosurgery:  the present and the future 8 3D Printing in Dentistry with Emphasis on Prosthetic Rehabilitation and Regenerative Approaches 9 3D printing in Thoracic Surgery 9 3D printing and Plastic Surgery 10 3D Printing in Colorectal Surgery 11 3D Printing in Neurosurgery 12 3D printing and Transplantation 13 3D printing: intellectual property and innovation 13 3D printing in neurosurgery 13 3D printing and Global Surgery 13 3D printing: Future in Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology 13 3D printing and tissue engineering 15 Challenges and opportunities in 3D printing