This text covers a key topic of reform and modernization in the public sector. Systematically examining performance in public management systems the authors have combined theory with practitioner case studies and present this seminal subject in an accessible manner. Focusing on performance does not only have an impact on a variety of public management functions and components (HRM, finance, strategy, etc.) but also changes the nature of policy and management in the public sector in itself. A broad and generic definition of performance based public management is: "taking/allocating responsibility for the performance of a system and being accountable for its results." By taking this broad definition as a point of departure major and basic mechanisms in public administration are redefined in theory and in practice. This text is based on a range of countries operating under different administration traditions; organized along cross-cutting issues and engages in debates about alternative approaches to performance management and their efficacy for public management. A must-read for any student or practitioner of public management, this core text will prove invaluable to anyone wanting to improve their understanding of performance management in the public sector.