In Understanding Abnormal Child Psychology, students will learn about both normative and abnormal development throughout children’s lives. Consistent with previous editions, several themes run throughout the book:   Developmental psychopathology: Children's and adolescents' behaviors are on a continuum (from very adaptive to very maladaptive), with only the very severe ends of the spectrum being conceptualized as disorders. Diversity, inclusion, and understanding: Special attention is given to issues of race/ethnicity, gender, family constellation, religious orientation, primary language, socioeconomic status, and physical differences to help students see the commonalities and differences of abnormal child behavior within a cross-cultural and international context. New to the 4th edition Completely revised in both structure and content to reflect the DSM-5 Increase coverage of risk factors related to long-term effects of sexual abuse and bullying. Increased coverage of diversity to include new "diversities" that have emerged as important, i.e. transgender children New research on suicide and suicide preventionTable of Contents: Preface xix Acknowledgments xxv 1 Conceptualizations of Normality and Abnormality in Children and Adolescents 1 Normality and Abnormality in Children and Adolescents 1 History of Understanding Abnormal Child Behavior 4 More Recent Diagnostic Classifi cation Systems 8 Reliability and Validity of Diagnostic Categories 13 Children in the School System 14 Disorders in the Future of DSM 17 Advantages and Disadvantages of the DSM-5 19 Diff erences between Categorical and Dimensional Understanding of Behavior 21 Prevalence of Children’s and Adolescents’ Problem Behavior 25 Epidemiological Rates Based on the Categorical Approach 25 Epidemiological Rates Based on the Dimensional Approach 28 How Children’s Environments Infl uence Their Behavior 30 Diff erent Perspectives on Problems 32 Troubled Families Rather Than Troubled Children 33 Summary and Key Concepts 34 Key Terms 36 Study Questions 36 Suggested Readings 36 Suggested Viewings 37 2 Theories of Normality and Abnormality in Children and Adolescents 38 The Importance of Theory 41 Psychodynamic Theory 42 Genetic and Biological Theories of Developmental Psychopathology 46 Behavioral Genetics 50 Behavioral Theories and Developmental Psychopathology 51 Cognitive Behavioral Theories and Developmental Psychopathology 52 Theories of Family Functioning and Abnormal Behavior in Children and Adolescents 54 The Influence of Social Context on the Development and Maintenance of Problem Behavior 56 The Overarching Theory of Developmental Psychopathology 62 Summary and Key Concepts 65 Key Terms 67 Study Questions 67 Suggested Readings 67 Suggested Viewings 68 3 Research Methods in the Study of Developmental Psychopathology 69 Research Methodologies That Are Utilized in the Study of Developmental Psychopathology 72 Experimental Designs 72 Quasi-Experimental Designs 74 Correlational Designs 75 Case Studies and Single-Subject Designs 75 High-Risk Designs 77 Behavioral Genetics Designs 77 Time Frame of the Research Study 78 Cross-Sectional Research 78 Prospective Longitudinal Research 79 Accelerated Longitudinal Research 81 The Actual Process of Research 81 Choosing a Research Topic and Identifying Hypotheses 82 Choosing a Sample 83 Choosing Psychometrically Sound Measures 84 Collecting Data 84 Data Analyses 86 Writing Up, Presenting, and Publishing the Results 87 Continuing the Research Process 88 Choosing Appropriate Samples of Participants 89 Quantitative Research and Qualitative Research 92 Areas in Need of Further Study in Developmental Psychopathology 92 Ethics of Conducting Research 93 Summary and Key Concepts 96 Key Terms 98 Study Questions 98 Suggested Readings 98 Suggested Viewings 98 4 Assessment and Therapeutic Interventions with Children, Adolescents, and Families 99 Assessments 99 Multiaxial Assessment of Children and Adolescents 102 Interviews with Children and Their Parents 102 Unstructured Interviews 103 Semistructured Interviews 104 Structured Interviews 107 Behavioral Assessment 107 Behavioral Observation 108 Functional Assessment 108 Self-Monitoring 109 Checklists and Rating Scales 110 Broad Measures 110 Measures of Competence and Adaptive Functioning 114 Personality Assessment 115 Personality Inventories 115 Projective Measures 116 Family Assessment 116 Assessing Intellectual Functioning and Academic Achievement 119 Educational Assessment 121 Neuropsychological Assessment 122 Therapeutic Interventions 123 Settings Where Interventions Are Conducted 124 Psychodynamic Therapies 126 Behavioral Therapies 128 Child-Oriented Interventions 128 Parent-Oriented Interventions 128 Cognitive Behavioral Therapies 131 Family Systems Therapies 132 Psychopharmacological Interventions 135 Effectiveness of Therapeutic Interventions 139 Prevention Programs that Work 142 Professional Ethics in Assessment and Interventions 146 Competence 146 Multiple Relationships 147 Informed Consent 148 Confidentiality 149 Summary and Key Concepts 151 Key Terms 154 Study Questions 154 Suggested Readings 154 Suggested Viewings 155 5 Risk Factors and Issues of Prevention 156 Temperament 157 Attachment 158 Genetic Predisposition 159 Parental Psychopathology 160 Parental Loss due to Death 162 Interparental Conflict 163 Child Physical Abuse 166 Child Sexual Abuse 169 Child Psychological Maltreatment 173 Inadequate Educational Resources 175 Poverty and Low Socioeconomic Status 177 Violence within the Community 180 Cumulative Risk Exposure 183 Summary and Key Concepts 184 Key Terms 185 Study Questions 185 Suggested Readings 186 Suggested Viewings 186 6 Protective Factors and Issues of Prevention 187 Characteristics within the Child 188 Adaptable Temperament 188 Effective Emotional and Behavioral Regulation Strategies 190 Good Cognitive Abilities 191 Positive View of Self (Self-Confidence High Self-Esteem and Self-Efficacy) 191 Other Protective Characteristics within the Child 193 Characteristics within the Family 193 Stable and Supportive Home Environment 194 Faith and Religious Affiliations 198 Other Protective Characteristics within the Family 199 Characteristics within the Community 200 Connections to Caring Adult Mentors and Prosocial Peers 200 High Neighborhood Quality 202 Effective Schools 202 Other Protective Factors within the Community 205 Characteristics within the Culture or Society 205 Summary and Key Concepts 206 Key Terms 207 Study Questions 207 Suggested Readings 208 Suggested Viewings 208 7 Depressive Disorders, Bipolar Disorders, and Related Problems 209 Anaclitic Depression and Failure to Thrive in Infancy 209 Masked Depression 210 Major Depressive Disorder 210 Prevalence Rates 213 Comorbidity 216 Course of the Disorder 217 Etiology 218 Treatment 222 Prevention 226 Child and Adolescent Suicide 228 Bipolar Disorder 235 Depression Conceptualized in a Dimensional Manner 240 Risk Factors 242 Protective Factors 244 Summary and Key Concepts 246 Key Terms 247 Study Questions 248 Suggested Readings 248 Suggested Viewings 248 8 Anxiety Disorders, Obsessive–Compulsive and Related Disorders, and Trauma- and Stressor-Related Disorders and Problems 249 Separation Anxiety Disorder 251 Prevalence Rates 253 Selective Mutism 253 Prevalence Rates 253 Specific Phobia 254 Prevalence Rates 256 Social Anxiety Disorder 257 Prevalence Rates 258 Generalized Anxiety Disorder 259 Prevalence Rates 259 Obsessive–Compulsive Disorder 260 Prevalence Rates 262 Hoarding Disorder 263 Posttraumatic Stress Disorder 265 Prevalence Rates 267 Adjustment Disorder 267 All Anxiety Disorders, Obsessive–Compulsive and Related Disorders, and Trauma- and Stressor-Related Disorders of Childhood and Adolescence 268 Comorbidity 269 Course of the Disorder 269 Etiology 270 Treatment 274 Prevention 279 Anxiety Conceptualized in a Dimensional Manner 282 Risk Factors 283 Protective Factors 284 Summary and Key Concepts 285 Key Terms 287 Study Questions 287 Suggested Readings 287 Suggested Viewings 287 9 Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Related Problems 288 Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder 288 Prevalence Rates 294 Comorbidity 298 Course of the Disorder 302 Etiology 304 Treatment 309 Prevention 318 Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Conceptualized in a Dimensional Manner 319 Risk Factors 319 Protective Factors 322 Summary and Key Concepts 322 Key Terms 323 Study Questions 323 Suggested Readings 323 Suggested Viewings 324 10 Disruptive and Conduct Disorders and Related Problems 325 Oppositional Defiant Disorder 325 Prevalence Rates 328 Conduct Disorder 329 Prevalence Rates 332 Antisocial Personality Disorder 333 Oppositional Defiant Disorder and Conduct Disorder 334 Comorbidity 335 Courses of the Disorders 336 Etiology 339 Treatment 344 Prevention 349 Oppositional Problems and Conduct Problems Conceptualized in a Dimensional Manner 351 Risk Factors 352 Protective Factors 354 Summary and Key Concepts 355 Key Terms 356 Study Questions 356 Suggested Readings 357 Suggested Viewings 357 11 Alcohol and Substance Use Disorders and Problems 358 Alcohol and Substance Use Disorders 358 Prevalence Rates 361 Comorbidity 365 Course of the Disorder 366 Etiology 367 Treatment 371 Prevention 376 Alcohol and Substance Use Conceptualized in a Dimensional Manner 379 Risk Factors 381 Protective Factors 384 Nicotine 385 Summary and Key Concepts 387 Key Terms 388 Study Questions 388 Suggested Readings 388 Suggested Viewings 388 12 Autism Spectrum Disorder and Schizophrenia 389 Autism Spectrum Disorder 389 Prevalence Rates 395 Comorbidity 396 Course of the Disorder 398 Etiology 401 Treatment 402 Prevention 405 Autism Spectrum Disorder Conceptualized in a Dimensional Manner 406 Risk Factors 407 Protective Factors 407 Schizophrenia 408 Prevalence Rates 409 Comorbidity 409 Course of the Disorder 410 Etiology 410 Treatment 412 Prevention 413 Schizophrenia Conceptualized in a Dimensional Manner 414 Risk Factors 414 Protective Factors 415 Summary and Key Concepts 415 Key Terms 416 Study Questions 416 Suggested Readings 417 Suggested Viewings 417 13 Specific Learning Disorders and Intellectual Disability 418 Specific Learning Disorders 419 Prevalence Rates 422 Comorbidity 424 Course of the Disorder 426 Etiology 427 Treatment 430 Prevention 434 Specific Learning Disorders and Learning Problems Conceptualized in a Dimensional Manner 435 Risk Factors 436 Protective Factors 437 Intellectual Disability 441 Prevalence Rates 444 Comorbidity 445 Course of the Disorder 447 Etiology 449 Treatment 451 Prevention 452 Intellectual Disability Conceptualized in a Dimensional Manner 454 Risk Factors 455 Protective Factors 455 Summary and Key Concepts 456 Key Terms 457 Study Questions 457 Suggested Readings 458 Suggested Viewings 458 14 Pediatric Psychology and Health Psychology for Children and Adolescents 459 Pediatric Psychology 459 Eating Disorders and Obesity 461 Anorexia Nervosa 462 Bulimia Nervosa 463 Comorbidity of Eating Disorders 465 Course of the Disorders 466 Etiology of Eating Disorders 466 Treatment of Eating Disorders 467 Prevention of Eating Disorders 468 Dimensional Conceptualizations of Body Image Problems 469 Obesity 470 Elimination Disorders 475 Enuresis 475 Encopresis 478 Dimensional Conceptualizations of Elimination Disorders 480 Chronic Illness in Children and Children’s Well-Being 480 Juvenile-Onset Diabetes 481 Sickle Cell Disease 482 Childhood Cancer 484 HIV/AIDS in Children and Adolescents 486 Chronic Illness in Parents and Children’s Well-Being 489 Parental Cancer 489 Parental HIV/AIDS 490 Treatment Issues in Pediatric Psychology 491 Prevention Issues in Pediatric Psychology 492 Summary and Key Concepts 494 Key Terms 495 Study Questions 495 Suggested Readings 496 Suggested Viewings 496 15 Ways to Help Children 497 How Nonprofessionals and Paraprofessionals Can Help Children 497 Transitioning from a Paraprofessional to a Professional 500 How Having a Career in Psychology Can Help Children 502 Ph.D. or Master’s in Clinical Psychology 503 Psy.D. in Clinical Psychology 510 Ph.D. in Experimental Psychopathology 511 Ph.D. Ed.D. or Master’s in Counseling Psychology 511 Ph.D. or Master’s in Developmental Psychology 512 How Having a Career in Social Work Can Help Children 512 Bachelor’s of Social Work 512 Master’s of Social Work 513 Doctorate of Social Work 513 How Having a Career in Education Can Help Children 513 Teachers 513 Special Education Teachers 514 Guidance Counselors 514 School Psychologists and Educational Specialists 514 Other Professionals 515 How Having a Career in Medicine Can Help Children 515 Psychiatric Nurses 515 Psychiatrists 516 Developmental Pediatricians 517 Other Professionals 518 How Having a Career in the Judicial Justice System Can Help Children 519 School Resource Officers 519 Criminologists 520 Forensic Psychologists 520 Attorneys and Judges 520 How Having a Career in Prevention Can Help Children 521 Summary and Key Concepts 521 Key Terms 522 Study Questions 523 Suggested Readings 523 Suggested Viewings 523 References R-1 Glossary G-1 Index I-1