Introduction: HIV/AIDS as a Site of Struggle in South Africa1. Disease in Theory and Practice2. Contesting Science, Making Disease3. Poverty in the Making of HIV/AIDS4. Disease as a Politics of the Human5. Conclusion: Towards an Ontological Politics of DiseaseAppendix A: An Overview of the Struggles over HIV in South Africa (1998-2014) About the Author: Kiran Pienaar is a Research Associate at the National Drug Research Institute, Curtin University, Australia. Her research interests include the biopolitics of health and illness, addiction, posthumanist theories, and feminist approaches to materiality.