The publication of P J Cain and A G Hopkins' two-volume study of "British Imperialism" was a major event for historians of European imperialism and international economic history. The theory of 'gentlemanly capitalism', which they pioneered to explain Britain's imperial expansion, has since been developed, both in its original theory and its implications. This book reviews the latest state of scholarship in the field and further develops the idea of gentlemanly capitalism by exploring its role in a wide variety of international contexts, both in and out of the British Empire.