Part I: Toll-Like Receptor Detection and Activation1. Toll-Like Receptors: Ligands, Cell-Based Models, and Readouts for Receptor ActionJennifer K. Dowling and Jérome Dellacasagrande2. Bioinformatic Analysis of Toll-Like Receptor Sequences and StructuresTom P. Monie, Nicholas J. Gay, and Monique Gangloff3. Toll-Like Receptor Interactions Measured by Microscopic and Flow Cytometric FRETGabor L. Horwath, Pia Langhoff, and Eicke Latz4. Using Confocal Microscopy to Investigate Intracellular Trafficking of Toll-Like ReceptorsHarald Husebye and Sarah L. Doyle5. Assessing the Inhibitory Activity of Oligonucleotides on TLR7 SensingJonathan Ferrand and Michael P. GantierPart II: Toll-Like Receptor Cross-Priming of Associated Receptors6. Methods for Delivering DNA to Intracellular ReceptorsKatryn J. Stacey, Adi Idris, Vitaliya Sagulenko, Nazarii Vitak, and David P. Sester7. Detection of Interaction between Toll-Like Receptors and Other Transmembrane Proteins by Co-Iummunoprecipitation AssayYu-Ran Lee, Won Dae Kang, and You-Me Kim8. Flow Cytometry-Based Bead-Binding Assay for Measuring Receptor Ligand SpecificityJoris K. Sprokholt, Nina Hertoghs, and Tennis B.H. Geijtenbeek9. Measuring Monomer-to-Filament Transition of MAVS as an In Vitro Activity Assay for RIG-I-Like ReceptorsBin Wu, Yu-San Huoh, and Sun HurPart III: Toll-Like Receptor Post-Transcriptional Regulation10. Co-Transcriptomic Analysis by RNA Sequencing to Simultaneously Measure Regulated Gene Expression in Host and Bacterial PathogenTimothy Ravasi, Charalampos (Harris) Mavromatis, Nilesh J. Bokil, Mark A. Schembri, and Matthew J. Sweet11. Simple Methods to Investigate MicroRNA Induction in Response to Toll-Like ReceptorsVictoria G. Lyons and Claire E. McCoy12. Determining the Function of Long Noncoding RNA in Innate ImmunitySusan Carpenter13. Analysis of Post-Transcriptional Gene Regulation of Nod-Like Receptors via the 3'UTRMoritz HaneklausPart IV: Toll-Like Receptors and System Control14. TLR Function in Murine CD4+ T Lymphocytes and their Role in InflammationStephanie Flaherty and Joseph M. Reynolds15. Flow Cytometry Analysis of B Cell Activation and Antibody Responses Induced by Toll-Like ReceptorsEgest J. Pone16. Toll-Like Receptor-Dependent Immune Complex Activation of B Cells and Dendritic CellsKrishna L. Moody, Melissa B. Uccellini, Ana M. Avalos, Ann Marshak-Rothstein, and Gregory A. Viglianti17. Analysis of TLR-Induced Metabolic Changes in Dendritic Cells Using the Seahorse XFep>96 Extracellular Flux AnalyzerLeonard R. Pelgrom, Alwin J. van der Ham, and Bart Everts18. Toll-Like Receptor Signaling and the Control of Intestinal Barrier FunctionDaniel G.W. Johnston and Sinéad C. Corr19. Understanding the Role of Cellular Molecular Clocks in Controlling the Innate Immune ResponseAnne M. Curtis and Caio T. FagundesPart V: Toll-Like Receptors and Disease20. Methods to Investigate the Role of Toll-Like Receptors in Allergic Contact DermatitisMarc Schmidt, Matthias Goebeler, and Stefan F. Martin21. Allergens and Activation of the Toll-Like Receptor ResponseTom P. Monie and Clare E. Bryant22. Investigating the Role of Toll-Like Receptors in Models of ArthritisAnna M. Piccinini, Lynn Williams, Fiona E. McCann, and Kim. S. Midwood23. Delineating the R