Drawing on a variety of sources, ranging from interviews with key figures to unpublished archival material, Saban Halis Calis traces this ambition back to the 1930s. In doing so, he demonstrates that Turkey's policy has been shaped not just by US and Soviet positions, but also by its own desire both to reinforce its Kemalist character and to 'Westernise'. The Cold War, therefore, can be seen as an opportunity for Turkey to realise its long-held goal and align itself economically and politically with the West. This book will shed new light on the Cold War and Turkey's modern diplomacy, and re-orientate existing understandings of modern Turkish identity and its diplomatic history.Table of Contents: Introduction 1. A Prelude to the Global Confrontation 2. The Second World War and the Soviet Factor 3. Twilight Zone between Hot and Cold Wars 4. The Beginning of the Cold War 5. NATO and Turkish Security Concept 6. The Implications of the Western Alignment 7. The Cold War Turbulence in the 1960s and 1970s 8. The Military and Cold War Policy 9. The Özal Era, Turkish Détente and the End of the Cold War 10. Decision-Making and Cold Warriors Conclusions