This book provides a detailed analysis of the economic and environmental impacts of climate change on the tropical ecosystems in Tanzania. Topics covered include agriculture, marine resources, wildlife, and weather forecasting. The analyses concentrate on real and potential impacts of climate change, focusing on changes in temperature and precipitation. Adaptive capacity and strategies for enhancing resilience (such as changing crop types and crop patterns in farming) are described. Particular attention is paid to climate change impacts on vulnerability and resilience in communities and ecosystems with special reference to extreme events such as droughts and flooding. The book: is among the first books to analyse in detail climate change effects in Tanzania, highlighting the unique vulnerability of communities and ecosystems in East Africa from a socio-ecological point of view. discusses potential future threats as well as providing solutions to current problems. examines the application of local knowledge systems when formulating solutions. The book is essential reading for researchers on climate change and socio-economic impacts in tropical rural economies and of broad interest to climate change scientists, tropical ecologists, conservationists and agricultural scientists.Table of Contents: 1: Introduction 2: Living and Responding to Climate Variability and Change among Coffee and Banana Farmers in the Highlands of Moshi Rural District, Tanzania 3: Cassava as an Adaptation Crop to Climate Variability and Change in Coastal Areas of Tanzania: A Case of Mkuranga District 4: Agro-Ecosystems Resilience and Social-Ecological Vulnerability Index to Climate Change in Kilimanjaro, Tanzania 5: Effects of Conservation Agriculture on Farmers’ Livelihoods in the Face of Climate Change in Balaka District, Malawi 6: A Comparative Cost-Benefit Analysis of Mobile and Sedentary Pastoral Production Systems in Selected Villages in Northern Tanzania 7: Locally Based Responses to Impacts of Climate Change in Pastoral Landscapes of Northern Tanzania 8: Assessment of Socio-Ecological Resilience of Agro-Pastoralists to Climate Change and Variability Impacts in Bariadi District, Tanzania 9: Natural Resource Use Conflicts in a Changing Climate: The Case of the Wetlands of Kilombero and Kilosa Districts in Tanzania 10: The Role of Ecosystem Services in Enhancing Climate Change Resilience to Local Communities: The Case of Ngarambe - Tapika Wildlife Management Area, Rufiji District, Tanzania 11: Effectiveness of Existing Climate Smart Agricultural Practices in Tehuledere District, Northeastern Ethiopia 12: Community Livelihoods and Ecosystem Integrity in Makere Forest Reserve, Western Tanzania 13: Weather Forecasting and Communication in the Upper Great Ruaha Catchment Area 14: Lessons Learnt and the Way Forward for Research on Climate Change in Tanzania