On 25 January 2004, the African Union (AU) inaugurated the African Court on Human and Peoples' Rights. The Court was established in order to complement the protective mandate of the African Commission on Human and Peoples' Rights. The International Criminal Court meanwhile has a mandate to prosecute war crimes, crimes against humanity, genocide and the crime of aggression - which were not included in the Protocol of AfCHPR. Questions of immunity and the geopolitics of criminal justice are at the heart of this book, which will assess the theoretical and practical implications of this concurrent jurisdiction, between the ACJHR and the ICC, for international criminal justice.