IV-VI nanostructured materials have gained increased attention recently due to their unique material properties. This research presents recent advancements pertaining to the growth, theory, and characterization of IV-VI nanostructured materials with varying degrees of quantum confinement. Structures of particular interest inlcude: multiple quantum wells (MQWs), quasi-one dimensional structures, quantum dots/quantum dot chains, and microcuboids. Quantum size effects due to the L- Valley degeneracy lifting are given special attention due to their usefulness in designing state of the art infrared devices.