Book Lomonosov one of the first attempts of creating Russian history. The impetus for writing it was the wish of the Empress Elizabeth, which, according to the author in a letter in 1754, "stated, among other things, that it would be nice if I wrote my syllable national history." Form submission historical material and style of the historical narrative allowed "Ancient Russian history" not lost their significance until the appearance of the "History of the Russian State" Karamzin. During the life of MV Lomonosov, in 1754 1758's., Was published three pages of the book, then the printing was suspended by the author, which do not satisfy his chosen form of notes. In 1763, a set of books has been renewed, but Lomonosov did not have time to put into print the end of the text and notes. After the death of Mikhail Lomonosov by the Conference of the Academy of Sciences edition of the book was published in 2425 copies. Appeal "To the Reader" opens the book, was written by the famous Russian historian, academician of German descent AL Schletzer, as mandated by the Conference. Since the work had not been completed, in the main part of circulation last page indicating "End of the second part" was the replacement of the page with the indication "End." The distribution represented by an electronic copy of the initial, rarer variants.