1. PREFACE. 2. The history of the Myelodysplastic Syndromes. 3. Susceptibility to MDS: DNA repair and detoxification genes. 4. Myelodysplastic syndromes/neoplasms: Morphological and Immunohistochemical features and standard evaluation. 5. Diagnostic Criteria and Classification of Myelodysplastic Syndromes. 6. Cytogenetics of MDS. 7. Molecular changes in myelodysplastic syndrome.8. Prognostic Scoring in MDS. 9. Flow Cytometry in Myelodysplastic Syndromes. 10. MDS as an Autoimmune Process. 11. The Myelodysplastic Overlap Syndromes. 12. Iron and copper Metabolismin the Myelodysplastic Syndromes. 13. Pathogenesis and Management of Iron Overload in MDS. 14. Cytokines in MDS. Abnormalities and treatment. 15. Therapeutic Modalities and new molecular targets in MDS. 16. Haematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation in MDS for Adults. 17. JMML and Myelodysplastic Syndrome in children.