The author, an experienced demographer, argues that abundant intellectual capital, high educational standards and first class work skills are the key to modernisation, characterised by economic growth with equity anddiversity. After a detailed survey of the education system at all levels, he concludes that modernisation can be achieved in Nigeria through the total reconstruction of the education system which is currently based on the western liberal model. He sets out an alternative system which includes an increase in the time pupils spend at school, changes in the curriculum, use of teaching aids and development studies.