This book is designed as an introduction for graduate students, engineers, and researchers who want to understand the current status and future trends of micro- and nano-electronic materials and devices. It also serves as an essential reference for nanotechnology "gurus" who need to keep abreast of the latest directions and challenges in microelectronic technology. The viewpoints presented within the book can help to foster further research and cross-disciplinary interactions required to surmount the barriers facing future generations of technology design.